Sources of latent hazards

A latent hazard can result from a component failure, operational error, software bug, misinformation about inconsistent state transition or about communication problems, etc. If the operators are not aware of the hazard, they might become aware of it only after it is too late, when the incidence materializes.

Sources of latent hazards

A backup system is disabled (as was the case with the disabling of the backup cooling system in the MTI accident)
During routine (functional) operation, one of the units changes to maintenance mode (same example) .
During routine operation, the operator unintentionally instigates a control intended for use in emergency only.
A visual warning indicator is damaged.
In response to an alarm, the sound is reduced, or the threshold is lowered, to prevent nuisance, and as a result alarm is not generated in a subsequent event.

Characteristic

Latent hazards are typical of systems that do not provide warnings about being in exceptional states.

Aftermath wisdom

Latent hazard s are unexpected. When a latent hazard is materialized, the result may be characterized as a Black Swan (Taleb).