When the operators encounter unfamiliar situation, they need extra time to understand the unusual machine beharior, to explore possible reasons for the situation, to evaluate the available responses and to select the proper action. If the extra time required for responding properly is unavailable, and if the result is an accident or any significant damage, then the event instigating the problem is called an unexpected events ( Harel & Weiss, 2011 ).

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Updated on 02 Jan 2016.