The following design mistakes found in the interaction design are in the discipline of cognitive engineering:
The lever design was slip-prone. It enabled the operator to slip. The design enabled the unintentional operator 's action. A slip-proof design should prevent unintentional actions.
Guidelines for slip prevention
The operators' awareness about changing the direction was by clicks heard from the gyroscope. These clicks were not heard when the ship did not change its direction. The operators realized that they do not hear the clicks only after it was too late. Positive alarms, with alerting features, are required to attract the operator's attention to the exceptional situation, to ensure situation awareness in time.
Guidelines for alarming on exceptional situations
Part of the ambiguity in the perception of the exceptional situation may be attributed to the ambiguity of the term used to refer to the special steering Control mode. This term is may be misleading, as this special mode is used for Maintenance only. A better name, hinting on its function, is Disconnected mode.
This new term is used in the following discussion instead of the original term.
Guidelines for terminology validation
Updated on 09 May 2016.