Designers often fail to predict the way the operators will eventually behave. The way they work around this limitation is by applying their own preferences. For example, designers define shortcut key combinations in order to facilitate their own interaction with their program, disregarding the implications on unintentional key substitution as noted by Harel (2017b).
Weinberg (1971) noted that the source for barriers to understanding the system behavior is a cognitive bias of the programmers, due to arrogance. Subconsciously, the designers punish the users for thinking differently, by hindering fluent operation.
Updated on 05 May 2017.